.F.A.Wright, Feminism in Greek Literature, Kennikat Press, Port Washington, London, 1923
1923- and this author talks about feminism, unconscious- ...
F.A.Wright ( 1869-1946). Frederick Adam, Professor of Classics in the University of London.
p 3 it is not until we get to Euripedes that we get the woman;s side of the case.. He ventured to doubt man;s infallibility. He put the doctrines of nobility of man, race, war, to
critical intelligence.
p 4, Socrates, Aristophanes, Plato and Xenophon are all feminists in varying degrees.
p 8 The Odyssey may have been composed by a woman, perhaps Nausicaa herself, women are never degraded like in the later passages of the Iliad. Women pull the strings in the Odyssey. The goddess Athena , the nymphs, Calypso, Circe the mortal, Penelope and Nausicaa are the principal actors in the drama.The kingship of the tribe seems to go on the woman's side.
p 29-30 The early Ionic literature the two sexes were fairly equal in opportunities. Sappho and Erinna mark the turning point when women were treated as inferior They were able to write and they show that women were equal if not surpassed men,
Erinn- THE EPIGRAM ON THE PORTRAIT OF AGATHARCIS AND THE ELEY ON THE DEAD BAUCIS
p 45-6 The Milesian Tales 7-6 C BCE were meant for both male and female audience. The charcters are
Iambus- the jester Pierrot and Iambe the female counterpart Pierrette who appears in the Homeric hymm to Demeter who forces the sad goddess to smile- these tales were intended to purge away melancholy, the precursor to madness of which the Greeks were so afraid, by exciting the emotion of laughter, just as tragedy excites the emotions of pity and fear. Iambe became Baubo , a womnn sitting on a pig
p 49 The author ipines that the reason for the bad relationship between men and women began due to incidents like in Miletus who had no wives of their own so killed the men and sized the women. The women established the law which they passed down to their daughter- you should not eat at the same table with your husband, should never call him by his name,
p 62 The Hetairai , were foreign women and stood outside the law. they were often highly educated and they took part in all man;s interests, they were their own mistresses and took part in the political life of Athens, exercised great influence in affairs of state
p 64 the Ionian spirit brought enslavement of women, and the spirit of enlightenment which rebelled against servitude
p 67 For Aeschylus, women take the foremost place. He was a mystic, He believed in Delphic inspiration and he bases his theatre on women, chief agents of the drama. Half of the titles of the lost plays are about women. The remaining 7 plays show us that he was interested in the good and evil of the female mind.
P 70 3 plays are about war, Seven against Thebes, The Persians, Prometheus, of these the chorus are women- the intermediaries of poet and audience and in the third, a woman is the chief character.
In the Persians he portrays the womanly strength of Atossa ( the queen mother) and the manly weakness of Xerxes her son.Even in Prometheus, the men stand still, Io provides the action
p72 feminism finds full expression in the other 4 plays, The Suppliant Women should a woman be forced to marry a man she does not like?and hand over her property to him as her nearest male relative? is the main social issue he addresses Aeschylus concludes no although the Athenian law says yes. The characters in the play are nearly all women, 50 daughters of Danaus, their plight is universal and represents all women
p74 In Agamemnon he says Is a woman ever justified in killing her husband? his is an important question in Athens where women are kept enslaved.
In the trilogy, which is about feminists problems, it is a gallery of women, Clytemenestra- the queen who will not submit to a man's rule
the contrast of the resolute woman and the irresolute men, ends in her victory she is naturally born to rule.
the sequel , the libation bearers, is about women as well, Electra and the maidens of the chorus, she is strong willed
the last play Eumenides is about a band of women who chase a man across the world until he dies of fatigue. He appeals in vain for help from the other men.
p 78 In most of the rest of history women are not even mentioned.
p 87 Euripides is the champion of woman's equality, therefore he is represented by Aristophanes as a misogynist..np 88 he championed women's cause of freedom against the Ionians There were 4 dramas particularly concerned with feminism and the relations between men and women.
p 98 the chorus is the most important character- the ideal spectator, the interpreter of the poet's own thoughts. out of 17 plays 14 have women for the chorus
p 108 King Polymnestor says If anyone has spoken ill of women in the past, or is now is in the act of speaking or will some day speak, I will cut all his words short.. neither sea nor land breeds such a race as women are....
p 111 In Bacchae the men do not believe in religion, or use it for gain but only the women are true believers, the rituals of Bacchus are the one chance to escape the stifling seclusion of the harem home of Greece, she can become a free person able to roam the mountains for a few days, the sky was her roof, the grass her bed and she could stop work and live on milk and honey. The ecstasy of such escape finds intense expression in the narrative speeches and the choric songs.
p 113 Euripides was a realist, pacifist an feminist. 4 plays deals with the relationship between men and women, Alcestis, Medea, Ion, Andromache. These are ruthless plays meant to confront men where he deals with the flaws in men's nature- meanness, cowardice, selfishness and treachery.
p 117 the maternal, not the marital is holy state.
p 138 Socrates saw woman as the natural friend of man
p144 Socrates says of the dancing girl- there is one proof among many that woman's nature is in no way inferior to mans, she has no lack either of judgment or physical strength.
p 152 Aristophanes was interested in 3 chief issues- war is a curse, religion is made by man and belief is absurd, and feminism, that women and men are equal intellectually and morally and women are especially fit for the business of State and are more likely to solve the problems that men have found too hard.
He says this in
p 152 Women at the festival, Lysistrata, Women in Assembly
Aristophanes, Socrates, Plato and Euripides were all friends in the Socratic Circle.
In Women at the festival p 155 Euripides is on trail by an all female assembly to which no men are admitted - they wish to put him to death for being a slanderer of women and for being a playwright
p 160 in Lysistrata the women of Greece, Sparta, Corinth Boetia and other states make a group for solidarity to stop the war, they refuse sexual intercourse and they take the Acropolis and the treasury and the triumphant chorus ends with women, women never shall be slaves.
1923- and this author talks about feminism, unconscious- ...
F.A.Wright ( 1869-1946). Frederick Adam, Professor of Classics in the University of London.
p 3 it is not until we get to Euripedes that we get the woman;s side of the case.. He ventured to doubt man;s infallibility. He put the doctrines of nobility of man, race, war, to
critical intelligence.
p 4, Socrates, Aristophanes, Plato and Xenophon are all feminists in varying degrees.
p 8 The Odyssey may have been composed by a woman, perhaps Nausicaa herself, women are never degraded like in the later passages of the Iliad. Women pull the strings in the Odyssey. The goddess Athena , the nymphs, Calypso, Circe the mortal, Penelope and Nausicaa are the principal actors in the drama.The kingship of the tribe seems to go on the woman's side.
p 29-30 The early Ionic literature the two sexes were fairly equal in opportunities. Sappho and Erinna mark the turning point when women were treated as inferior They were able to write and they show that women were equal if not surpassed men,
Erinn- THE EPIGRAM ON THE PORTRAIT OF AGATHARCIS AND THE ELEY ON THE DEAD BAUCIS
p 45-6 The Milesian Tales 7-6 C BCE were meant for both male and female audience. The charcters are
Iambus- the jester Pierrot and Iambe the female counterpart Pierrette who appears in the Homeric hymm to Demeter who forces the sad goddess to smile- these tales were intended to purge away melancholy, the precursor to madness of which the Greeks were so afraid, by exciting the emotion of laughter, just as tragedy excites the emotions of pity and fear. Iambe became Baubo , a womnn sitting on a pig
p 49 The author ipines that the reason for the bad relationship between men and women began due to incidents like in Miletus who had no wives of their own so killed the men and sized the women. The women established the law which they passed down to their daughter- you should not eat at the same table with your husband, should never call him by his name,
p 62 The Hetairai , were foreign women and stood outside the law. they were often highly educated and they took part in all man;s interests, they were their own mistresses and took part in the political life of Athens, exercised great influence in affairs of state
p 64 the Ionian spirit brought enslavement of women, and the spirit of enlightenment which rebelled against servitude
p 67 For Aeschylus, women take the foremost place. He was a mystic, He believed in Delphic inspiration and he bases his theatre on women, chief agents of the drama. Half of the titles of the lost plays are about women. The remaining 7 plays show us that he was interested in the good and evil of the female mind.
P 70 3 plays are about war, Seven against Thebes, The Persians, Prometheus, of these the chorus are women- the intermediaries of poet and audience and in the third, a woman is the chief character.
In the Persians he portrays the womanly strength of Atossa ( the queen mother) and the manly weakness of Xerxes her son.Even in Prometheus, the men stand still, Io provides the action
p72 feminism finds full expression in the other 4 plays, The Suppliant Women should a woman be forced to marry a man she does not like?and hand over her property to him as her nearest male relative? is the main social issue he addresses Aeschylus concludes no although the Athenian law says yes. The characters in the play are nearly all women, 50 daughters of Danaus, their plight is universal and represents all women
p74 In Agamemnon he says Is a woman ever justified in killing her husband? his is an important question in Athens where women are kept enslaved.
In the trilogy, which is about feminists problems, it is a gallery of women, Clytemenestra- the queen who will not submit to a man's rule
the contrast of the resolute woman and the irresolute men, ends in her victory she is naturally born to rule.
the sequel , the libation bearers, is about women as well, Electra and the maidens of the chorus, she is strong willed
the last play Eumenides is about a band of women who chase a man across the world until he dies of fatigue. He appeals in vain for help from the other men.
p 78 In most of the rest of history women are not even mentioned.
p 87 Euripides is the champion of woman's equality, therefore he is represented by Aristophanes as a misogynist..np 88 he championed women's cause of freedom against the Ionians There were 4 dramas particularly concerned with feminism and the relations between men and women.
p 98 the chorus is the most important character- the ideal spectator, the interpreter of the poet's own thoughts. out of 17 plays 14 have women for the chorus
p 108 King Polymnestor says If anyone has spoken ill of women in the past, or is now is in the act of speaking or will some day speak, I will cut all his words short.. neither sea nor land breeds such a race as women are....
p 111 In Bacchae the men do not believe in religion, or use it for gain but only the women are true believers, the rituals of Bacchus are the one chance to escape the stifling seclusion of the harem home of Greece, she can become a free person able to roam the mountains for a few days, the sky was her roof, the grass her bed and she could stop work and live on milk and honey. The ecstasy of such escape finds intense expression in the narrative speeches and the choric songs.
p 113 Euripides was a realist, pacifist an feminist. 4 plays deals with the relationship between men and women, Alcestis, Medea, Ion, Andromache. These are ruthless plays meant to confront men where he deals with the flaws in men's nature- meanness, cowardice, selfishness and treachery.
p 117 the maternal, not the marital is holy state.
p 138 Socrates saw woman as the natural friend of man
p144 Socrates says of the dancing girl- there is one proof among many that woman's nature is in no way inferior to mans, she has no lack either of judgment or physical strength.
p 152 Aristophanes was interested in 3 chief issues- war is a curse, religion is made by man and belief is absurd, and feminism, that women and men are equal intellectually and morally and women are especially fit for the business of State and are more likely to solve the problems that men have found too hard.
He says this in
p 152 Women at the festival, Lysistrata, Women in Assembly
Aristophanes, Socrates, Plato and Euripides were all friends in the Socratic Circle.
In Women at the festival p 155 Euripides is on trail by an all female assembly to which no men are admitted - they wish to put him to death for being a slanderer of women and for being a playwright
p 160 in Lysistrata the women of Greece, Sparta, Corinth Boetia and other states make a group for solidarity to stop the war, they refuse sexual intercourse and they take the Acropolis and the treasury and the triumphant chorus ends with women, women never shall be slaves.
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